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6 E/ f. K& p/ n# r/ S. e, b8 Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, ; U' u/ O$ s- R7 B; b8 R2 w: W: d
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 8 J( Z: y: ^$ V' U9 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:4 C& H/ h( N! e+ k: e- e/ A
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, * C8 u6 W8 |, a8 }9 Y7 ?2 h宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,/ w, b. v9 t; V$ @+ t( Y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% e& s, }& z# _* \
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 1 i: ^; a% e6 ]8 f' I9 e宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, : M0 f, X f% H6 h8 f9 }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- q" d' ]% m8 r1 v9 {"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
" Q( V! ]+ w, {5 `8 Y/ m7 a( C0 o8 }) `mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, C8 L2 a0 m# Z c: D R宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, # X7 {# {$ U+ z- X4 P" E* \2 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' ]3 M+ G/ i7 W" A7 S2 }+ E"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 4 c7 A2 [3 P: l. f
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 0 J1 ~6 f+ X+ c( ]
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,, R, x4 @2 Y) m1 K# z+ d
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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0 ?: U" g9 F" J! Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, - H0 ]5 N% ~0 ]+ Z3 f
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ ) v% {9 t S3 s, R9 d' M0 v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” ) _3 i, M+ k3 W6 ?5 E7 C, a
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ $ A( _- y1 P4 Q! Q' y: `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” ) z" [; b% L) |! b宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, \- p7 p1 j5 @4 T
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! Y) B; S/ ?5 Z) b"Times New Roman"">前者为因, / G9 x6 u: Z4 r9 S2 g. w7 ~0 bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, / A% b$ x6 s5 q6 o+ Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
% E: o9 ]1 M3 j5 N"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, 6 r7 }6 `/ I" y; W+ Z2 X
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, ' \" a8 ~( [- E- P6 F! Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" _) J4 H2 ]; Q- f7 @"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 9 S( l0 \$ u- y& W( v1 n宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 7 G! a2 Y' Z1 w% Y$ b' {/ Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 e7 @' l9 g' U6 i# N7 I
"Times New Roman"">“ 9 a8 ~5 F: p. G, ]; F& Imso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? : Y$ V* d {) g u! S' L1 w" g: p
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” I8 y6 T$ T* n' e8 g1 [/ S
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 1 s4 F f& F5 }- r& x; j: s. F4 L9 u
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"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
( F4 B, m1 L- T! n1 n2 F4 W4 k( t0 m, q7 A6 q# ~mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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, J6 L' N0 m) a4 r9 Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 " K- \0 U. A8 H8 G% d7 q& x' g
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 6 {& ?" B+ M& F2 h4 ]
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j0 u$ w- U$ u. a* j"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
! J1 T O+ L* q, y2 Z& u( s/ K5 wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 8 U3 i" P; `" G9 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
5 c5 S" r n7 {"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, + O- S0 [9 W3 D; r. K2 |2 z
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 9 i# Z& ^ H) r
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里: |* v8 T- j- d6 \- }/ }( mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 ; v. s$ u7 i0 W4 c3 h7 V) O. s- z
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(! b9 t% ~' }, _; B, U2 D* }) H宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 5 C! s4 d3 x3 L0 O/ }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* ]/ @/ n4 n/ l0 |& F+ T" t) U( j"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用" ?8 x t: J6 v% f; R12.0pt">, 2 a. W" G$ J8 ~) Q; S9 j1 J \/ f h"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, * m) [8 a3 ]; D4 I& z$ wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( p+ G. q7 @: v. n- y. {( _9 m/ k"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, % Z4 b' Y' `* S7 B6 f8 Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!7 T) `# G) j& A" Y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, ' x2 b5 p% ]: ?- o8 S9 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( g3 i# H, {% K0 p4 {' X* E
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: ! m; E3 T% ]$ B
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, # M' \$ {3 P% p0 l
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 3 {5 _* M# d0 \7 f' S R8 N& W: kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" F, j7 f) E3 W" l" N
"Times New Roman"">“ 0 p* a! c5 P, d1 t5 f. P
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”2 G, R) T) B/ \
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。 9 H: q& F. o, `
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, . F7 b; T1 i* ]% v% j7 K; e
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 4 A" i }& z" O7 M+ G! Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; y9 P4 _( Q d9 h6 P6 U% J
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, * P6 c% m8 }2 K1 g+ p& I( v# bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, j9 |3 k5 P! D" O- p9 c( B
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, * N/ W# u( M; i& zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 f/ ] c$ |. X+ [3 h0 d N
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 9 H* Z# F3 c& ~( J9 t* w4 _% Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 8 [6 [+ d4 [$ N$ b: {* s
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
* W' Q( [! J8 i/ b' {+ F9 O4 T9 c7 n$ K$ A, x2 Q' w, p+ u7 d6 [
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/ |0 s& {4 s6 V7 i) A' H' l2 a$ d2 R* x3 I0 n" n宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 3 C9 X+ y( _3 A" a" ~/ K5 \" y
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, / t/ ?5 d7 W. H3 o' _4 A1 D2 A6 n宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, ( W5 e: _& }3 A$ T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
9 V" C( f& Q1 ~! C4 ["Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,6 C- s6 K9 C2 @: N. S" m5 k' _0 ^
% B+ e9 Z" f/ r" n/ E- p; umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, + N! ^' B. B0 @, l T8 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ P h* }* S- |2 l
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,; l; T4 G: u! }% L5 ?宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, # D7 ^; e: x6 i8 v; rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& M: F! |3 }6 X"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题4 F" W* Y- R& {& z1 j3 f z12.0pt">: . T4 K! ]; r9 g"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: + Z f( N$ I+ c* l, K7 x4 r
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"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才2 ~* r. E2 {1 }: M% `9 y* x3 J
12.0pt">, # a9 D1 E3 k7 \2 m8 `8 d, r"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, / \* h: z) ], {3 Q) O N( lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ P1 g+ h+ t7 C: [6 C3 W% S"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; / I5 U0 D) A$ B( l. omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, $ f/ D; V$ g" H/ T$ ^1 A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 6 @( [- j: E! Y9 }; d9 k" h6 ~! xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 N5 b5 N# Y/ w' b! x5 ^
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题$ u% O+ a) d. |12.0pt">; ! x- u! D' ]( }$ p"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, . b6 ^/ f$ S, v; B6 d1 j
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求. q: ]* M) _! ~5 o0 j) L! f" u12.0pt">: 3 z, o3 J3 X# x5 F+ M
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; 5 v; k' e6 Q/ _: Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 \# d0 b7 D9 t# X0 Q1 ^- o5 U
"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, " @" [( U7 n- I; ~1 v9 }
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 1 E2 q \. b: A
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"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统* V+ r7 O1 O* k9 Y8 i
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ # v, _& K' X9 s9 U% b' x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 6 F8 d8 G% K2 s: T% _+ p: ~宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
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]5 ~' d; M" lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> 3 l) @" z+ P. h5 Z6 l5 G# ]& U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
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* D1 w; y/ r7 P"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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6 ~, ?; \$ n. A' @; H"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 0 F7 z/ V- x' t7 G2 w6 a宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, # h; H9 b) q9 r( lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* E6 Q( ]0 A. v4 z"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, ! M3 A, R% v1 _- X/ e/ \
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"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 2 W- b2 L8 R+ g3 s. Bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, : i3 Z& r. ]; M- k2 O/ d) R宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: + R. w2 \( |' b0 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ f) I8 X9 `4 l& S5 a% {
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, , T6 ]7 p5 o- fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 0 n$ e Y- f2 m9 s
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4 L) B) [; d4 _& m( L2 b3 k* H"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, % W1 L8 L# ~/ H4 G1 `9 {! {
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 / v' ?) _, g. A8 w2 y4 w- S! g" L
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, i" _. W* |- z) @4 y" c- E3 }6 h. v8 i3 S2 H
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,! w" t5 F) W* h3 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 ?5 K w+ [* d4 U8 U
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定7 K6 W9 p# ^3 m/ z12.0pt">, 6 Q W! k G+ w2 ^$ k6 {"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, ( _2 L! V. Z) @2 Y* O. Z
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. i7 b, }. H2 b; N4 q( E/ E N"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:/ I: x8 b0 m4 p* I& E
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, / S4 }9 e: o1 Z( |5 i- d' A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, / s5 h0 T6 t( N7 H" Y1 [- o
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1 g. M6 T$ B# w* K"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, / X6 Y1 H3 d1 U2 _3 X! q' amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, ! O: s. c' u/ w' ^5 s! v7 b/ t2 T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- e7 [9 I. N' ~"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: & h( k# z V3 O" Y. [- a9 f2 ^& ?宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ & w5 V% f& N# D& Z1 o
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 7 Q* h- {* t H" c9 H x; B
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"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
