研究社会生活也能学习写作技巧

: m3 x* R4 G& W% wmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">写作作为一种人文表现行为7 N2 Q5 L- n& Z9 |7 m "B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 4 q) ^% F! S( T font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实质是认识的表达。写作最重要的两个因素; F# L; Z t# E0 I5 m mso-font-kerning:0pt">) ) ) 5 h4 H1 h+ A$ u5 @' ^7 E 宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: . I4 D& ~. p4 e, q0pt">内容与形式决定了其与社会生活息息相关。内容来自于丰富多彩的社会生活现象/ d# F/ q' W9 V! }3 D mso-font-kerning:0pt">; : p" J7 K( K% F3 C5 Z9 @ mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">形式来自于事物发展变化的规律及生活现象的表现形式。没有社会生活9 O& Q: f- Y; D) t0 y3 P 12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00"; mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 9 \6 y9 {' P& l mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">写作不仅会因材料匮乏而成为无源之水7 z# V5 c7 h6 ?7 m& O1 | font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning: 0pt">, 3 n2 d1 W6 z: W3 h2 i "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无本之木. i2 l- K1 m1 I% u; R "B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">; 2 S/ O1 P! `0 dfont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">同时也会因写作形式乃至写作技巧失却营养而使文章黯然失色。然而长期以来1 T E, Z K5 o7 g0 F- K( `"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, ( y" _/ V. o. r: K2 I font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 1 `8 X/ B& J7 g- T宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">在写作理论研究与写作实践中7 j) a r" Z, b4 {) ~ 12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00"; 9 U: \8 M1 t+ `, I, C: l" ^& cmso-font-kerning:0pt">, . S7 T) o }( S# `mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">人们往往注重于写作内容对社会生活的依赖+ K! `/ O4 J$ u; t5 C( kfont-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning: $ w8 J. Y4 f2 P% O0pt">, # @- o* v* P- t2 q. K"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">而忽略社会生活对写作技巧的滋养7 ^$ O. C& E E2 l$ t "B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, " J* \7 W8 o4 {" J. k; Z) N# Ufont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: ! ~3 w0 B$ L# J; y宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">认为写作材料来自于生活! d% o4 r% Q! T. `12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00"; 6 e2 f- o& w) {, q9 ~. f+ dmso-font-kerning:0pt">, 4 @. g: i- i- y4 `4 k# I mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">而写作技巧则来自于名作家, m- @7 \- E, o, ]! `/ w"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 2 x+ I# `0 x4 j3 umso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">来自于书本。其实& S! g( N; \# N- |1 y* R! l mso-font-kerning:0pt">, + H; Y2 h( m$ p/ D$ Tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这是一种误解。写作( A& j# S9 ~8 y! h/ X" A$ kmso-bidi-font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ " j4 n+ Y. r+ g" T" y& m mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">技巧的获得固可借助于前人的作品8 L" ~* z8 p5 d8 o "B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, , i; X$ g$ m; Y# V font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">然而倘以乞灵故纸为己是+ f& s! h! z, S; U12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00"; . i% @) I; ]# Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">, 9 n- J( p" F/ t2 G( n mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: - ]' f7 c, t/ S4 W s- ^* \& r# z' s0pt">而不求诸活生活的现实8 \3 |: B2 O1 E& Y3 }2 s* X "B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, - M8 @- C0 q: d. H3 g4 N( Y& Smso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">势必成为井底之蛙了6 L9 @6 K0 G5 w7 M mso-font-kerning:0pt">0- t6 p8 Y+ K; O/ `& V; W$ F) D% p font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning: ) M c! ~0 a5 [# C& d" R2 U8 K0pt">[ 1] ( P502) 4 _8 o- X* @& [9 C/ I- }! | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。写作技巧的本源在生活。研究生活+ z3 X& A6 ?% c& l6 _ font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning: ) a5 A o# ^) a) A% U0pt">, ; s1 a `- l4 U; j6 { "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学习写作技巧是写作学习者提高写作技能的根本途径。这一点+ s/ v5 p& r _"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 4 F! |+ N7 f$ h+ \3 ^% \4 y7 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">作家柳青有深刻的理解& H! }2 n( ^( i5 t 12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00"; 0 K2 `* b' o$ X0 D* ^/ l1 `+ dmso-font-kerning:0pt">, $ \% G$ w2 O ]$ }: N mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">他说7 k1 S: @9 \& l* |( } mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">: : B# `" I8 M6 l; g "B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ 3 I5 a( P" K7 s3 c! P' Q6 R5 @" a5 ]font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: , L; Z; Z: \ x5 v* ~9 U: J0 e宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">技巧是从哪里来的呢& P6 _, G- b- B8 U# U 12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00"; mso-font-kerning:0pt">? 4 k9 W+ v# u6 T3 B mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: $ h8 j) r7 G: d& W4 w4 `7 ]; H0pt">一般认为- }. W6 }( k2 C mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, * I9 I; q' I1 M& l+ H" }mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">技巧是从别人书里学来的5 {. E4 z! \- U7 l"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 3 f3 T6 l3 o8 O) B; [. b. | font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">前人的书或者是现代人的书。其实呢- X6 b3 B$ j% G, ]( B, s mso-font-kerning:0pt">? 5 m$ f0 V3 @: f6 d4 m- ~7 K; c1 gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 5 }0 O( a! } X0pt">其实% G5 C7 T% q/ G% w. i& U9 B4 | mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, ) x" m* e8 H$ f p' `2 Amso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">技巧主要的也是人研究生活来的4 ^' \# Q& R0 G8 g" ^( _ "B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">0' l& S0 x8 W& _5 P2 Y7 ^ mso-font-kerning:0pt">[ 2] / \7 Z8 I; y2 S; X6 y3 O 宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: ; {: S6 l+ w2 B0 }0pt">。宋代大诗人陆游在4 O: w) N- y! ^0 H u) o+ a% w$ B mso-bidi-font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">5! |3 t: x+ `( p$ d6 T8 Y: w* t mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">示子/ ]6 d; n% G7 ~6 r! l2 ?0 \ 12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">遹) ^' z6 R2 a% ^( G) o( b& b "B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">6' E3 p5 L. d8 h* R6 q8 H: C font-family:B9+SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:B9+SimSun;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中谆谆告诫儿子9 s+ v$ X) @( D" N"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ 6 R/ D1 x8 y5 A0 r0 N font-family:B9+SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:B9+SimSun;mso-font-kerning:0pt">汝果欲学诗 _& e* m" m! a "B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">,: c7 l$ F9 X6 N6 d1 _, E- X, m: ~! Hfont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">工夫在诗外% p1 n7 J6 _. i w+ p6 F: N% ^& [. Qfont-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-bidi-font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning: 0pt">0( ?0 D1 s: ?, z F6 M+ Z mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">[ 3] ( P134) , , Q" `1 \5 H; M h9 ?$ `/ D/ jmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">也意识到火热的现实生活是艺术创作的无尽宝藏/ o5 i0 |. i/ a& t: A "B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, & R% p }9 Z; g% u$ M- zfont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">写诗的妙处不在5 x+ q6 |6 Y" L font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-bidi-font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning: ; i7 ^3 j0 N& x" x8 {0pt">/ & _& ?1 `. z* W"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">藻绘) h/ Z' U8 F4 N9 ^1 f2 l) ` "B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">0: `3 V; {& }" U: e& k$ d; d mso-font-kerning:0pt">, $ f* g; r0 ^: C, |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">不在) _: J, D% u+ k/ M, i+ B mso-bidi-font-family:"B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ 5 @; c0 H% V3 l! d mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">狡狯9 Z6 U( d/ i; y3 H* ^. U% Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">0$ R7 i0 d2 U& a* J# g( y font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning: - \' Z/ C; N- L0pt">, 4 y" a: g- A7 q7 q2 m# w! H8 D "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">而在山程水驿之中$ S, U% ~ ^& \/ d3 j"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 9 N+ p: L6 _! A* w0 Afont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: J v1 F, B, Q& S宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">在对生活万象的观察与理解之中。

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% Y& |4 @+ M* |5 c" g8 r8 P: M6 M6 y( V mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为什么说写作技巧的本源在生活& T5 V9 K; b. j7 B6 q& z"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">? ) W k4 j l) {! i7 X( t, Gfont-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 2 E! W& B; o. ^: H; H& S+ B宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要而言之2 m- @3 o7 W# O0 u font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning: 0pt">, ' f \+ a/ v8 f; w9 I+ j "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">有下面几点理由。

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4 Z0 C% ^4 v- @/ Xmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">首先- S/ p* A( y* i [- q# n0 u9 s3 k; O mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 0 Z1 X# W m+ l) h mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: ) y4 d3 g! q# Q7 I0pt">社会生活的万般形态为写作技巧的形成提供了依据。我们知道; S5 f$ j: Y, ? s2 qfont-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning: . p7 q; _; z% \1 p0 {2 D0pt">, + }" P) k0 p) B3 R3 v: E "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">写作是以文章的形式反映社会生活的。这种反映1 y' G7 K9 k9 u "B3+cajcd fnta1";mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ . V& w! L7 F. V7 h( K9 r( r font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">必须把生活写得跟原来面目一样& _; S3 d4 _; ]4 W' ^ mso-font-kerning:0pt">, , @! r4 ]0 ]6 J5 O% d$ ^! ^! o0 W mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: ; v2 Y4 n& b9 ]6 T2 k- X0pt">把人写得跟原来面目一样' s* J& s; D1 L3 U "B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 6 p5 f% u5 F) f1 C% smso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">而不是捏造出来- v8 l3 T' x4 Z& n; `mso-font-kerning:0pt">0 5 U# i0 y5 V v' L4 Cfont-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning: 0pt">( 4 X3 h4 j. H( O! s) h; |" L4 ~- n! F8 t"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">契诃夫语" [9 |0 v+ p/ i6 Z3 Q"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">) [ 4] ( P140) $ X/ w6 d, z+ ], Z" X mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。那么. }" i: e! ?! w! q9 g3 p' |mso-font-kerning:0pt">, ' X! k+ h" K- t( T7 Q4 D$ Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 4 V* d& F9 V) d/ @+ K0pt">怎样才能象契诃夫说的那样& E4 x+ @1 U$ y "B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 4 A: W) @8 X% Y1 r+ ^- cmso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">客观地、真实地、原原本本地反映生活呢- r" k$ L) R' t"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">?+ Z1 z( w$ I$ B" a6 y7 d font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: ( c/ y B: m: F/ Z$ r1 \: G宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">那就是写自己看见的. [; X2 ]! R3 Z+ ]' P( g12.0pt;font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00"; . o2 h( N& m2 p2 g) Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">, / b( F. o8 `2 Z. N. o$ Z; o mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 9 W* Q1 O, t# @5 ~0pt">感觉到的7 B) V, W+ G$ e' s mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, # ^4 T( |# s5 J4 y9 X' u5 omso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">而且要写得真确诚恳才成。如此/ M8 {+ ~9 z! d "B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, k9 k: x5 M+ S1 G/ f7 ]9 ` font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: ) \+ [, k4 d0 a宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">事物的多姿多彩与千变万化可以启发作者获得观察的技巧9 V; _/ F1 w: }: k7 f& J mso-font-kerning:0pt">, % C( F* \& e% Y9 F mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">描写的技巧6 l: m0 v% c6 Xmso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">; * o8 {- f8 P# y" D$ T& h, G mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">社会上各色人等情感的渲泄方式及其影响可以启发作者获得抒情的技巧' X8 P$ H6 f0 p7 X; \( k# ~"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">; * Q- Q+ E! e0 _ font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生物的自然变化及动态可以启发作者获得行文用笔的技巧。所谓$ j. m' G- F: h5 y- H: u {4 K% Z mso-font-kerning:0pt">/ 7 M+ F' |2 u' q+ Qmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning: 0pt">用笔不灵看燕舞' P$ n5 W) S9 }* j y: lmso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning:0pt">, 2 e2 a1 N6 ^) b6 X. z! a; amso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">行文无序赏花开/ v3 e* h' F9 t! ?0 Z/ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">0& h% d! R4 n( {) y# kfont-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-bidi-font-family:"B4+CAJ FNT00";mso-font-kerning: 0pt">, / l( B' d7 E* s) S4 J "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是对此的绝妙写照。

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